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This paper focused on role-based public leadership's impact and internal mechanism on subordinate taking charge behavior (TCB). The explanatory model of rationality and value dual paths was proposed and verified through hierarchical regression and bootstrap tests, with the data from a questionnaire survey to the Bureau of Commerce. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Public service motivation is a mediating variable between public leadership and TCB;(2) political skills have a double-edged sword effect. Political skills positively moderate the impact of public leadership on TCB. Meanwhile, it negatively moderates the effects of public leadership on public service motivation and the effects of public service motivation on TCB;(3) under the high political skill level of subordinates, public leadership has a direct impact on the TCB, while under the low political skill level of subordinates, the direct effect of public leadership on the TCB is insignificant.
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One of the common practices during the COVID-19 pandemic is to work or study from home. This study aims to reexamine the factors affecting individual continuance intention of e-learning. During the pandemic, via a survey conducted in 2022, we assessed workers' continuance intention of e-learning from different sectors in Taiwan. This research brought motivations as mediators in continuance intention to e-learning. Through the statistical analysis, we identified the mediation effect of motivations based on the self-determination theory. The results show that autonomous motivation facilitates the learners' computer self-efficacy, the quality of the system and content toward continuance intention;controlled motivation could mediate the monetary award in influencing the continuance intention. The internalization of motivation is also an effective mediator. The obtained results not only add new knowledge of what affected the continuance intention of e-learning during the pandemic but also provide guidance for employers to allocate resources to boost e-learning after the pandemic. © 2023 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.
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Despite longstanding recognition that organisations are open systems that are affected by the broader environments in which they are situated, scholars have rarely examined how such macrosocietal conditions may influence processes and experiences within the workplace. Integrating research on selective incivility and mega-threats, we conceptualise the COVID-19 pandemic as a racial mega-threat and examine how this context may challenge organisations' efforts to promote diversity and inclusion. Specifically, we predict that the protective benefits of diversity climate against incivility, an insidious form of modern discrimination incited by the COVID-19 pandemic, will be weaker for workers of Chinese descent compared to workers from other Asian subgroups, leading to more downstream negative outcomes for this group of workers (i.e., higher turnover intentions, poorer job performance and greater emotional exhaustion). This reflects the fact that workplaces are not impervious to the rising xenophobia toward China and Chinese people, who were particularly blamed and stigmatised for the emergence of this virus, as evident in North American society in early 2020. We found support for our predictions in a three-wave, time-separated study of Asian workers (N = 248) in the US and Canada during the first wave of the pandemic. © 2023 The Authors. Applied Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Association of Applied Psychology.
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This paper draws attention to the current and possible effects of COVID-19 on the mobility trajectories of mainland Chinese students studying in Asia. By drawing on 35 biographical interviews, this paper focuses on their decision to study in Asian countries and regions. Particularly, it calls for more attention to Asia in global student mobilities and discusses whether COVID-19 has changed the position of Asia in the global landscape of student mobility. Results show that even if COVID-19 provides an opportunity for Asian universities to embrace more international students, Asia still lacks the capability to attract great numbers of them. Finally, the study argues that college students' choice of mobility destinations is shaped by their perception of the central–periphery structure of higher education, which is hard to be shaken by the pandemic.
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In early 2020, the world economy plunged into a major recession due to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and non-performing loans (NPLs) went back on the agenda for banks and regulators in many countries. This is a timely article as it focuses on an attention-drawing regulatory catalyst for changes to the position of foreign investors in the Chinese NPLs disposal market. It uses the Phase One Trade Deal between the United States (US) and China as an opportunity to assess whether or not China is ready to shift towards a new approach for foreign investors trading in the primary NPLs market. Existing studies have been quick to conclude that the US-China Phase One Trade Deal will lead to a policy shift in the Chinese NPLs market through Article 4.5 contained therein. If the US-China Phase One Trade Deal is reviewed in its entirety and if China's concepts of stability, its state ownership policy and its recent treaty practice are all carefully considered, however, the involvement of foreign investment in the NPLs market may be viewed less optimistically. Using the US-China Phase One Trade Deal as a prism, it can be seen that bilateralism in trade policy may have its own limitations. China's perception of and policy towards international institutions and regimes show its willingness to integrate into the existing multilateral trade order even though its policy is still obscure and hesitant. Washington should be prepared to soften its decoupling stance to promote cooperation and coordination of the two countries in multilateral institutions.
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After the implementation, the online and offline teaching modes are compared and analyzed. In the special social environment, in order to ensure the normal teaching order, the university public sports online course is constructed. The construction research mainly includes the necessity of online physical education course, the design of teaching scheme, teaching objectives, teaching mode, extracurricular sports activities, assessment methods, the connection and comparison of online and offline courses, etc. The purpose is to build a set of practical online course systems of university public physical education, make up for the deficiency of offline course teaching, and realize the sharing of educational resources among students in different regions at the same time, in order to provide reference for the normal development of physical education in special environments such as an epidemic situation. Copyright © 2022, IGI Global.
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough and dyspnea after infection, and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome, and even death can occur in severe cases.SARS-CoV-2 infection has no specific treatment drugs, mainly rely on vaccination to block its transmission.In various structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2, Spike protein (S) and Nucleocapsid protein (N) are the main antigenic proteins, which are also important candidate proteins for developing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and antibody detection reagents.To express chimeric protein containing multiple epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 by prokaryotic expression system, and to verify the immunogenicity of the chimeric protein, antigenic epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins were analyzed and screened by molecular biology software, the selected antigenic epitopes were connected in tandem, and expressed high efficiently in E.coli as a chimeric protein by genetic engineering technology.The soluble chimeric protein of high purity was obtained after purification and renaturation.Mice were immunized with the purified chimeric protein together with MF59 adjuvant, aluminum adjuvant or no adjuvant at different doses respectively.Humoral immunity and cellular immunity induced by the chimeric protein were evaluated by detecting the antibody titer of antiserum and the level of related cytokine.The expressed chimeric protein was in the form of inclusion body and exists in the sediment, soluble chimeric protein was obtained after renaturation.The specific antibodies with high titer were produced in the immunized mice, and strong cellular immunity was induced also.Higher concentration of chimeric protein had better elicited immune effect than the lower concentration of chimeric protein.The immune effect induced by the chimeric protein with MF59 adjuvant was no different from that induced with aluminum adjuvant.This study provides novel ideas for the design and renaturation of SARS-CoV-2 chimeric protein, and the chimeric protein is expected to be used for the development of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine and diagnosis reagent.
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Under the pandemic of COVID-19, each country urgently restores its economies, and international project development has large marketing demand. Contractors need to understand the institutional differences between delivering domestic and international projects to fulfill the project implementation tasks. Existing studies on institutional differences mainly focuses on qualitatively describing the impact of institutional differences on project implementation. However, how institutional differences have influenced on international project performance is still unclear. With the data collected from 47 construction projects in 41 countries through questionnaires and interviews, this study has established and tested a theoretical model that incorporates knowledge management, institutional differences, project implementation problems, and project performance. The results show that institutional differences significantly increase project implementation problems, thereby influencing project performance;knowledge management can considerably reduce the project implementation problems arising from institutional differences, resulting in better project performance. The study results can theoretically help understand the relationships among institutional differences, knowledge management, and project performance, and practically guide contractors to appropriately mitigate the influence of institutional differences on international project performance by knowledge management approach. © ASCE.
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Objective: To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread by a super spreader in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, and provide reference for prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: The field epidemiological investigation was conducted to investigate the confirmed cases and close contacts;the data were analyzed with descriptive method. Chi-squared test was used to compare the differences of attack rates among close contacts. Results: A total of 23 epidemiological related cases were identified, including 20 confirmed cases and 3 asymptomatic infection cases. Thirteen (56.52%) were males, ten (43.48%) were females, and the median age was 51 years old with the range of 30 to 70 years old. The second generation case firstly developed symptoms on Jan 19th and was confirmed on Jan 30th, 2020.The first generation cases were from Wuhan and the last case was confirmed on Feb 3rd, 2020.The epidemic spread to the fifth generation with a total attack rate of 6.07% (21/346), among which the third generation case was a super spreader who directly transmitted to 12 subsequent cases with a significantly higher attack rate than other cases (27.27% vs. 2.98%, χ2=39.754, P<0.001). Conclusion: The expansion of the epidemic can be attributed to the lack of timely control of imported personnel from high risk regions, the lacking awareness of novel infectious diseases at the early stage of the epidemic and the appearance of the super spreader. To form a normalized prevention mechanism, it is necessary to improve the alertness of novel infectious diseases among medical staffs and the masses, implement prevention and control strategies in time. © 2021, Editorial Department of Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences. All right reserved.